从缺席到在场:生态批评的城市维度

From Absent to Present:The Urban Dimension of Ecocriticism

生态批评研究自上世纪九十年代出现至今,其研究角度虽然越来越多样化,但城市维度却始终处于缺失的状态。在生态批评的多次发展浪潮中,本应成为重要一环的城市生态批评虽然曾浮现过短暂的涟漪,但更多偏向于社会学研究,而且在之后也陷入了漫长的断层与沉寂期。长期以来,无论是阐释作为文本的城市,还是在文本中再现的城市,城市与自然一直处于分离甚至对立的状态之中,导致城市成为自然书写中的一种空隙。在这一背景下,我们有必要重新发现和认知城市自然,对自然的概念进行再定义,将环境研究、文化研究与城市研究联系起来,完成生态批评的城市维度从缺席到在场的转变。

Though ecocriticism has been accepted within the field of literary studies since the 1990 s and taken a variety of approaches,it still lacks an urban dimension.Urban ecocriticism,which should be a significant component during the several waves of ecocriticism development,has only made a brief appearance that is more oriented to sociological than literary studies and thereafter has merged into silence.For the time being,the city and nature are separated from and in opposition to each other in the interpretations as well as representations of the city,which is reflected in the fact that the city becomes a blind spot in nature writings.Therefore,it is necessary to rediscover urban nature and to redefine the concept of nature within the context of urbanization.By bringing environmental studies,cultural studies and urban studies into the framework,the urban dimension of ecocriticism also shifts from the absent to the present.