铜锌硫化矿分离工艺技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Separation of Copper-zinc Sulfide Ores

针对复杂难分选铜锌硫化矿石利用困难的现状,概述了近几年来铜锌硫化矿分离的相关研究与进展,主要介绍了铜锌浮选分离工艺与药剂及选冶联合技术等3方面内容。研究认为:对于铜锌矿物嵌布粒度较粗、嵌布关系不很密切、铜锌矿物可浮性差异较大的铜锌硫化矿石,适合采用优先浮铜再浮锌的优先浮选流程处理。对于铜锌矿石矿物组成复杂,铜、锌氧化率较高,铜锌矿物共生关系致密,嵌布粒度极细,单体解离困难的铜锌硫化矿石,一般采用混合浮选再分离工艺流程处理,在铜锌分离前对铜锌混合精矿进行再磨往往有利于铜锌分离。研制像MBT一样对黄铜矿、闪锌矿浮选性能差异较大的新型、高效捕收剂是实现铜锌分离的重要手段。在锌矿物抑制剂研制方面,不仅要考虑浮选分离时锌矿物的抑制效果,还必须综合考虑锌矿物在后续浮选时的活化问题。对于普通物理选矿方法难以回收利用的铜锌硫化矿石,采用混浮预富集再湿法或火法冶金工艺分离、回收铜锌等有价金属的方法是解决此类资源开发利用的有效方法。

In view of the current situation of complex and refractory copper-zinc sulfide ores,the research progress on its separation in recent years are summarized,mainly including the flotation technologies and reagents of copper-zinc separation and the process of beneficiation-metallurgy combination.Research shows that： for the copper-zinc sulfide ores which have features of the coarser particle size of copper-zinc minerals,loose disseminated relationship,and a large difference in the floatability of copper and zinc minerals,it is suitable for the selective flotation of copper following by zinc. For the copper-zinc sulfide ores which have features of complex mineral composition of copper-zinc ores,higher oxidation rate of copper and zinc,close intergrowth of copper and zinc minerals,superfine dissemination,and difficulty in liberation,the combined process of bulk flotation and separation is adopted.Regrinding of mixed concentrate in advance before separation of copper and zinc is usually in favor of the copper-zinc separation.It is an important method to realize the separation of copper and zinc by developing high efficiency collectors,which have large difference in flotation performance between chalcopyrite and sphalerite,such as MBT. The inhibitory effects are not only considered in flotation separation,but also the activation of zinc mineral in the following flotation process should be considered comprehensively in developing depressors of zinc mineral. For ordinary physical ore dressing process,it was difficult to recycle copper-zinc sulfide ores.While,the process of pre-concentration by bulk flotation and then adopting the hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy process to separate and recycle the valuable metal of copper and zinc is an effective way to solve the development and utilization of these resources.