美国在线高等教育发展规模的样态分布、影响因素及启示——基于2016和2017年在线教育联盟调查报告的分析

Pattern Distribution,Influence Factorsand Implications of the Online Higher Education Development Scale in the United States:Based on the Analysis of the Online Learning Consortium Reports in 2016 and 2017

在线教育联盟2016和2017年调查报告显示,美国在线高等教育自2012年进入拐点后,已然从爆发式增长过渡到稳定性增长的发展模式,具体表现为总体规模增速减缓、校际分布高度集中、学历层次本科为主、生源跨区流动较低等。导致美国在线高等教育发展规模下滑的影响因素主要来自政府层面的资助政策、专业层面的价值判断和市场层面的经济环境。美国在线高等教育十五年来发展的路径和经验可为我国提供有益借鉴。

According to the Online Learning Consortium reports in 2016 and 2017, the pattern of online higher education in the United States has made a transition from explosive growth to steady growth since the critical turning point in 2012. The concrete manifestations of it come as follow： the growth rate of overall scale of online education has decelerated; online enrollments have concentrated in relatively few institutions; online enrollments have heen primarily undergraduate; student＇s mobility has been low across districts, etc. The financial aid policy from the government level and the value judgement from the professional level, along with the economic environment from the market level have resulted in the shrink of online education development scale in the United States. The online higher education in America has been carried out for fifteen years, its particular experience could provide guidance for China.