中国提供全球卫生公共产品的路径分析——以中国援助西非国家抗击埃博拉疫情为例

An Analysis on China's Provision Paths of Public Goods in Global Health

2013-2016年西非埃博拉疫情的爆发和流行凸现了全球卫生公共产品供给的严重不足。面对西非国家防控埃博拉疫情突发的紧急需求,中国政府予以高度重视并积极从多个方面提供全球卫生公共产品——中国医药专家全力参加埃博拉病毒诊断试剂和治疗药物等的研制,中国政府向多个西非国家提供紧急物资和资金援助,同时支持和参与以世界卫生组织和联合国为核心的国际公共卫生治理多边体系。然而,从提供全球卫生公共产品的角度看,中国国内防控传染病的能力尚有待提升,中国非政府组织和企业参与国际传染病防控行动的意愿亟需引导和鼓励,中国对国际公共卫生治理多边体系的参与度和贡献还应进一步提高。由此,中国在全球卫生治理领域的领导力和国际声誉才会得以提高和彰显。

The Ebola outbreak and epidemic of 2013-2016 has reflected a serious shortage of the supply of public goods in global health. Some infected countries in West Africa fail to educate and propagate the scientific knowledge of Ebola and lack an available domestic public health system. WHO, the center of multilateral public health governance system, responds poorly. Preventing and eradicating the infectious diseases is the weakest link in the supply chain of Public goods in health. Facing the emergence of the Ebola, Chinese medical experts quickly engage in the development of Ebola vaccines, diagnostic kits and medicines. Besides, China offers emergency aids to a number of West African countries. Meanwhile, China supports WHO and United Nations＇ public health governance system. However, in order to provide more sufficient public goods in global health, China should improve its domestic preventing and controlling system of infectious diseases. Moreover, China＇s NGOs and enterprises should be encouraged to take part in the provision of global public goods. Finally, Chinese government should strengthen its participation and contribution to international public health governance system. As a result, China＇s international fame and its leadership in global health will be enhanced.