铜基石墨密封材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

Investigation into Friction and Wear Behaviors of Copper-Based Graphite Seal Material

为研究液体火箭发动机密封材料——铜基石墨材料的摩擦磨损规律,采用销盘试验考察了铜基石墨材料在干摩擦和水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能和磨损机理,探讨了速度、载荷、摩擦温升对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,结果表明:水润滑条件下不易形成铜基石墨转移膜,所以水润滑时的摩擦因数比干摩擦时的摩擦因数大;水润滑下,磨损机理为黏着和磨粒磨损,适当增加载荷、降低速度有利于降低铜基石墨材料的磨损率;干摩擦下,磨损机理为黏着磨损,适当降低载荷、提高速度有利于降低铜基石墨材料的磨损率。

The friction and wear behaviors of copper-based graphite seal material used in liquid rocket engine were investigated by means of pin-on-disk machine. The effects of load, velocity and temperature rise on friction and wear behaviors of the copper graphite material were analyzed. Results show that： 1） It is not easy to form copper-graphite transfer film under water lubrication condition, so the friction coefficient under water lubrication condition is higher than that under dry friction; 2） Under the condition of water lubrication, the wear mechanism is adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and properly increasing load and decreasing velocity can reduce the wear rate of the copper-based graphite material; and 3） Under the condition of dry friction, the wear mechanism is adhesive wear, and properly decreasing load and increasing speed can help reduce the wear rate of copper-based graphite material.