重庆市2005至2015年出生缺陷医院监测主要结果分析

Analysis of perinatal birth defects monitoringin Chongqing from 2005 to 2015

目的:分析2005至2015年重庆市围产儿出生缺陷发生情况,为减少出生缺陷制定预防保健措施提供科学依据。方法:对2005至2015年出生的妊娠满28孕周至产后7 d的围产儿出生缺陷进行监测,观察出生缺陷发生的动态变化情况。结果:2005至2015年重庆市医院监测围产儿出生缺陷12 748例,发生率为99.94/万,年度间出生缺陷发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=128.059,P=0.000)。男性出生缺陷发生率为110.04/万,而女性发生率为88.70/万;年龄<20岁产妇组、20~35岁产妇组、年龄≥35岁产妇组平均出生缺陷发生率分别为108.07/万、95.78/万、122.03/万。2015年出生缺陷前5位病种是先天性心脏病(18.63/万)、多指(趾)(15.04/万)、总唇裂(5.39/万)、并指(趾)(4.27/万)、小耳(包括无耳)(3.82/万)。结论:全市围产儿出生缺陷发生情况不容乐观,尤其是先天性心脏病等疾病的发生率仍然较高,需要多方面措施综合干预才能降低出生缺陷发生。

Objective：To analyze perinatal birth defectsincidencein Chongqing from 2005 to 2015,so as to provide scientific basis to formulate preventive care measures to reduce the incidence. Methods：The perinatal birth defects from pregnant 28 weeks to 7 days post-partumfrom 2005 to 2015 were detected and dynamic changes of birth defects were observed. Results：The averageincidence of birth defects was 99.94 per ten thousands perinatal infants with 12 748 cases from 2005 to 2015,and there were significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the year（χ^2=128.059,P=0.000）. The average incidence of male birth defects was 110.04 per ten thousands while theincidence of female birth defects was 88.70 per ten thousands. The incidences of birth defects under 20 yearold puerpera group,20 to 35 puerpera group and above 35 year-old puerpera groupwere 108.07 per ten thousands,95.78 per ten thou sandsand 122.03 per ten thousands respectively. The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease（18.63/10 000）,polydactylism（15.04/10 000）,total cleft lip（5.39/10 000）,symphysodactylia（4.27/10 000）and microtia（3.82/10 000）. Conclusion：The incidence of perinatal birth defects is not optimistic in Chongqing,especially the diseases such as congenital heart disease. Various measures and comprehensive intervention are required to reduce the incidence of birth defects.