我国三类基本养老保险制度改革的理念和路径

The Idea and Path of Chinese Reform on Three Kinds of Basic Pension Insurance System

良性运行和可持续发展是中国特色基本养老保险制度自信的源泉。我国三类基本养老保险制度均已实现制度全覆盖,目前已进入改革完善期,亟需科学合理的理念做指导,逐步发展为具有中国特色的更加公平更可持续的养老保险制度。文章分别对三项基本养老保险制度现状进行简要概述,以效率优先、更加注重公平为理念指导,以三项制度可持续性面临的挑战为突破口,通过提高统筹层次,明晰财政责任,厘清转制成本的方式,完善各项基本养老保险制度。最后,文章指出应采取公平优先的理念,逐步缩小制度间差距,实现三项制度逐步整合统一是中国特色养老保险制度未来的发展方向。

Benign operation and sustainable development are the source of confidence in the basic pension insurance system of Chinese characteristics.All Chinese are covered by three kinds of basic pension insurance system, the system has now entered the reform and perfecting stage, need guiding by scientific and rational ideas urgently, and gradually to be the basic pension insurance system of Chinese characteristics. Firstly, there is a brief overview of the present situation and problems of three basic pension insurance system. Then perfect the system, guided by the idea efficiency first and paying more attention to justice, the idea of efficiency and guidance, through the root cause of the system of the three sustainability challenges - namely, low overall level, unclear fiscal subsidy responsibility and obscure transformation cost. Finally, the paper points out that the concept of fairness priority should be taken, and the gap between institutions should be gradually narrowed. The gradual integration of three systems will be the future development direction of the pension insurance system with Chinese characteristics.