Himawari-8静止气象卫星草原火监测分析

Application of grassland fire monitoring based on Himawari-8 geostationary meteorological satellite data

Himawari-8(向日葵8号)静止气象卫星具有高空间分辨率、高观测频次和高时效特点,在草原火灾监测具有很强优势。提出利用Himawari-8数据的自适应阈值火点监测算法,并以2016年4月内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市边界境外草原火灾为例,重点利用19~20日的22个小时期间的132个时次Himawari-8数据,对火情进行连续动态监测。结果显示,本次火灾共持续22 h,过火区域约1 500km2,火点像元最长持续时间约6 h。通过分析多时次连续观测影像和火点信息可知,火场在一段时间内从西向东的蔓延速度为5.4 km/h,达到急进地表火程度。分析表明,Himawari-8的10 min一次密集观测频次可实现快速获取火点位置、面积、温度等火情信息。可跟踪火场动态发展变化,估算火场蔓延速度和方向以及确定火场类型,提高卫星遥感草原火监测和预警能力。

Himawari-8 has a large advantage in grassland fire monitoring because of its high spatial resolution,high observation frequency and high time efficiency. The method of self-adaptive threshold fire monitoring is proposed by using the data of Himawari-8. Taking the example of the grassland fire disaster happened near the boarder of Hulunbuir City,Inner Mongolia,in April of 2016,132 times data of Himawari-8 in 22 hours from 19 thto 20thare used to monitor fire dynamically. The results show that the fire lasted about 22 hours,the disaster area reached 1 500km2,the longest duration of a fire pixel was about 6 hours. Through analyzing the series of successive observation image and fire pixel information,the expanding speed of the fire is 5. 4 km/h along the direction from west to east during a period,which is up to the extent of fast speed fire. Analysis indicates that the information of location of fire pixel,area and temperature are rapidly obtained by the successive observation of 10 min per time,and the dynamic development of the fire is tracked by the data of Himawari-8. At the same time,the expanding speed and direction of fire are estimated,and the fire type is determined. The ability of grassland fire monitoring by satellite re-mote sensing and warning is also improved greatly.