俄罗斯私有化改革的过程、影响及对我国的启示

The Process,the Influence,the Teaching in Our Country of Privatization in Russia

对俄罗斯二十多年的国有经济改革历程进行梳理,着重分析叶利钦、普京、梅德韦杰夫以及新普京时期四个阶段的私有化改革对俄罗斯社会经济的影响。研究发现,多元化的混合所有制结构应该是转型国家建设市场经济的最优的选择。国家要掌握经济命脉,在关键领域和重要行业要保留控制权。通过加强政府监督和管理,强化政府职能来控制国有经济改革过程中出现的国有资产流失、寡头垄断、贫富差距扩大等问题。同时,政府应加强与产权制度变迁相配套的其他制度的建设,完善相关的法律法规、加快市场建设、建立健全社会福利体系等,以此确保市场经济体系的良性运作和经济效益的提升。

Combining through the history of Russia in twenty years of state-owned economic reform, this article focused on the analysis of the privatizafion of three generations of government of Yehsin, Putin and Medvedev from the reform background, implement resuhs and influence.At the same time, the article evaluates the state-owned economic reform of Russia.The author believed that the mixed ownership structure should be the best choice of nations in transition, which were constructing market economy.Countries must grape the economic lifeline and retain controls in key areas and important industries.By strengthening supervision, managements and functions, the government should control lose of state assets, the oligopoly, and the widening wealth gap appeared in the process of the state-owned economic reform. At the same time, the government should strengthen relevant system constructions which related to property right system changes, improve relevant laws and regulations, speed up market development, establish and improve the social welfare system, and so on, in order to ensure the healthy running of market economy and enhance economic efficiency.