竞争程度、知识产权保护与企业创新激励——基于联立方程模型的实证研究

Competition Degree,Intellectual Property Protection and Enterprise Innovation Incentive: An Empirical Study Based on Simultaneous-equation Model

以往对创新激励的产业组织研究从市场结构和知识产权保护两条路线独立进行,忽视了市场结构、溢出效应和创新激励彼此间存在相互影响的内在关联性。论文建立联立方程模型,全面考察中国工业行业创新激励的影响因素。研究发现,市场结构和创新激励存在双向互动正向影响,支持了"熊彼特假说",也说明创新激励有益于推动市场集中。市场结构和溢出效应存在双向互动负向影响,技术扩散鼓励新企业进入降低行业集中度,高集中度却不利于技术在行业中推广。知识产权保护对技术进步的影响是双刃剑,强保护有利于企业从事R&D活动,却不利于技术扩散从而行业技术进步。实践中,需要将竞争政策和知识产权保护政策有机结合起来,发挥政策合力。

Urbanization is a lasting motive force to promote and promoting industrial upgrading. By combining urbanization economic growth and is the only way to modernization connotation and the development status of Shandong urbanization and by adopting the multi-level DEA Model which can effectively distinguish multiple decision units, this paper, with the employee number and total investment as input indicators and with economic development, population, social development and human settlement as output indicators, calculates, compares and analyzes respec- tively the urbanization efficiency of Shandong Province and its 17 cities from 2006 to 2013. The results show that from 2006 to 2013, Shandong urbanization efficiency is on the rise, which coincides with both the overall develop- ment trend of Shandong urbanization and the actual development status in these cities; and that there exist greater differences in the urbanization efficiency among the 17 cities with the high-efficiency cities mostly concentrated in the eastern coast and the central region and the low-efficiency cities mainly concentrated in the west mainland. Based on the results of this empirical analysis, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for improving the urbanization efficiency and urbanization quality in Shandong Province.