控失肥与普通复合肥对小麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Loss Control and Normal Compound Fertilizers on Growth and Development and Yield of Wheat

为了比较研究控失肥和普通复合肥对小麦生长发育及产量的影响,于2015—2016年在保定农业科学院试验田进行了随机区组试验。采用冬小麦品种‘保麦10’为材料,2种肥料均含N 20%,P_2O_5 20%,K_2O 8%,在播前整地时一次施用,施用量为600 kg/hm^2,3次重复。结果表明:不同施肥处理对小麦的生长发育、干物质积累及其产量性状均产生了显著的影响,控失肥处理效果显著优于普通复合肥。与普通复合肥相比,控失肥可分别提高小麦千粒重、干物质和产量2.5%,20.7%和6.3%。控失肥处理提高了小麦灌浆期叶面积指数(LAI)和光合强度。同时,控失肥处理增加基部节间粗度和抗折力,肥料的农学效率提高23.5%。控失肥作为一种新型肥料将对提高小麦产量、提高施肥效益和保护资源环境起到重要作用。

To compare the effects of loss control（WC） and normal compound fertilizer（NC） on the growth anddevelopment and yield of wheat, a random block experiment was set at the experimental field of BaodingAcademy of Agricultural Science during 2015-2016. Winter wheat variety‘Baomai 10＇was used as material,two kinds of fertilizers with the same nutrition content of N 20%,P2O5 20% and K2O 8% were applied at a rateof 600 kg/hm^2 in soil preparation before sowing, 3 repeats were conducted. The results showed that there weresignificant differences in growth and development, dry matter accumulation and yield characteristics withdifferent fertilizer treatments, and the effect of WC treatment was significantly better than that of NC treatment.Compared with NC, the 1000-grain weight, dry mass and yield of wheat could be increased by 2.5%, 20.7%and 6.3% respectively with WC treatment. LAI and photosynthetic rate of wheat at grain filling stage wereincreased with WC treatment. At the same time, WC treatment also increased the basal internode thicknessand bending force, and the fertilizer agronomy efficiency（AE） increased by 23.5%. As a new type of fertilizer,WC will play an important role in improving wheat yield, increasing fertilization efficiency and protecting theenvironment.