影响男子排球运动员扣球起跳动作效果的动力学研究

Kinetic Analysis of the Effect of Volleyball Spike Jump for Male Athletes

目的:研究男子排球运动员扣球起跳蹬地动作过程中,人体下肢的相关力学参数特征。对象:男子大学生排球运动员10名。方法:使用高速人体动作捕捉系统及三维测力台,对相关运动学和动力学参数进行采集。结果:(1)起跳过程中,地面反作用力峰值和均值均为优势腿大于非优势腿;(2)非优势腿地面反作用力峰值与重心最大高度呈高度负相关(r=-0.961,P=0.002<0.05);(3)双脚同时着地过程中,优势腿地面反作用力冲量明显大于非优势腿,两脚地面反作用力冲量差与重心最大高度呈显著负相关(r=-0.531,P=0.034<0.05)。结论:(1)在后排起跳过程中,优势腿与非优势腿表现出不同的用力形式;(2)应当通过适当控制非优势腿在着地初期的制动作用,并在双脚最后用力阶段有意识地提高非优势腿的参与程度,以提高人体的起跳高度;(3)排球运动员髌腱炎的发病可能与踝关节绕矢状轴力矩和膝关节绕垂直轴力矩较大有关。

Objective：To study the characteristics of the related mechanical parameters of the lower limbs of the male volleyball players during thrust against the ground in spike jump.Object：Ten male collegiate volleyball players.Methods：The kinematic and kinetic parameters are collected by using the high-speed body movement capture system and the three-dimensional dynamometer.Results：（1）During the takeoff,the peak and mean of ground reaction of the dominant leg are both larger than the non-dominant leg.（2）The peak value of the ground reaction of the non-dominant leg is negatively correlated with the maximum height of the gravity center（r=-0.961,P=0.0020.05）.（3） When feet landing at the same time,leg ground reaction force impulse of the dominant leg is significantly greater than the non-dominant leg.And there is a significant negative correlation between the impulse difference of two feet ground reaction and the maximum height of the gravity center（r=-0.531,P=0.0340.05）.Conclusion：（1）In the process of backcourt take-off,the dominant leg and non-dominant leg have a different force form;（2） Players should appropriately control the initial braking effect of the non-dominant leg and in the final stage of foot pushing,the participation of the non-dominant leg should be consciously promoted in order to improve the body＇s take-off height.（3） The incidence of patellar tendonitis of volleyball players may be associated with ankle joint sagittal axis torque and torque around vertical axis of knee joint.