何种情绪更有利于大学生运动员的工作记忆:来自心率变异性的证据

Which Emotion is More Benefit for Undergraduate Athletes' Working Memory:Evidence from the Heart Rate Variability

本研究通过采集心率变异性、情绪主观评定等数据以及点矩阵任务,考察了悲伤、快乐及中性情绪对大学生运动员工作记忆效率的作用。研究结果发现:(1)情绪主观评定的组别差异显著,且心率变异性的低频功率(LF)和功率比值(LF/HF)有显著的组别差异,表明视频素材的情绪诱发效果较好;(2)协方差分析表明,在控制被试情绪调节自我效能感得分后,中性情绪条件组的点位置记忆正确率显著高于另外两组,反应时显著低于快乐组;(3)分层回归分析表明,在控制情绪调节自我效能感后,LF值和LF/HF值能负向预测点矩阵任务的反应时。结论:情绪对工作记忆的作用受运动员自身的情绪调节效能感影响;中性条件下交感神经的活性更大,且该条件下适度的紧张及兴趣成分可能有利于提高运动员的工作记忆效率。

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sadness,happyiness,and neutral emotion on undergraduate athletes＇ working memory. Sixty two student athletes were chosen as the subjects. Heart rate variability（ HRV） data during the video of every subject was assessed. After that,they rated their feeling about the video. Finally,these subjects performed dot matrix tasks. The results showed that the group difference of the emotional self-assessment was significant. The value of LFnorm and LF/HF also showed the group difference. These results indicated that the induced affects were successful. Hierarchical regression revealed that the value of LF/HF negatively predicted the reaction time in dot matrix task. The analysis of covariance found that the correct rate and the reaction time of the dot matrix task under neutral emotional condition were significantly better than the other two groups. We concluded that the role of emotion on the working memory was adjusted by the emotion regulation self-efficiency. The neutral emotion was beneficial to the working memory efficiency of undergraduate athletes,and the moderate nervous and interest may facilitate the working memory efficiency of undergraduate athletes.