时间流逝感:概念探索、问卷编制及其信效度研究

Feeling of the Passage of Time: Concept Exploration,Scale Development and Its Reliability and Validity

研究根据"时间意识"的理论及已有实证结论,通过访谈法和问卷法,探讨"时间流逝感"(feeling of the passage of time,FPT)这一概念的内部结构。结果发现,探索性因子分析提取出时间流逝感的三个子维度,即"情绪情感"、"易感性"和"行为反应倾向"。前两个维度验证了前人"情绪—注意"的理论模型,而"行为反应倾向"则是本研究的新发现之一,这在某种程度上丰富了时间流逝感的概念内涵。验证性因子分析显示该量表的三维结构在不同人群中(中学生、大学生、中年人)存在较为稳定的一致性。该量表总分及其三个维度与焦虑、抑郁量表呈现出显著相关,故FPT量表具有一定的效标关联效度。该量表的分半信度、组合信度和内部一致性信度符合计量心理学的基本要求。最后,文章基于FFT信效度分析中存在的问题及优化策略予以了讨论。结论:本研究对时间流逝感的三维结构进行了初步探讨,具有一定的信效度,可作为测量不同人群有关时间流逝态度与情感的一般工具。

Based on the theories and empirical conclusions of ＂time awareness＂,we explored the structure of the feeling of passage of time（ FPT） using interviews and a self-designed scale in this study. Firstly,according to the exploratory factor analysis,three common factors of the FPT were extracted and were named ＂emotion＂,＂susceptibility＂and ＂behavior tendency＂respectively. This result is consistent with the ＂emotion-attention＂model of time perception,and the new contents of ＂behavior＂enriched the concept of FPT. Further confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the three-dimensional structure of the scale exhibited stable consistency among different populations（ included the middle school students,the undergraduate students and middle-aged adults）. The total score and the sub-scores of each factor correlated with the index of depression and anxiety significantly,indicated that the scale had reasonable criteria-related validity. Also,the combination reliability,internal consistency and the cut-half reliability of the scale met the requirements of psychometrics. Finally,the shortcomings of the validity and reliability analysis of the FPT and the corresponding improvement strategies were discussed. Conclusion： This study preliminarily investigated the three-dimensional structure of the FPT. We also revealed that the self-designed scale had good reliability and validity stable,which can be used as a tool for testing the FPT across different populations.