复杂性理论视阈下的教育研究及其变革

Educational Research and Its Change from the Perspective of Complexity Theory

复杂性理论不仅是一种研究复杂系统的理论,是一种跨学科的方法论,更是一种与世界多样性、无序性、混沌性、涌现性等概念相对应的多元化的、综合化的复杂性思维方式。它不是针对某一学科的具体理论,而是分散在多学科之中,一种包容简单性的复杂性。它以非线性思维、整体思维、关系思维、过程思维为主要特征。它是对近现代人们认识世界所表现的简单性思维的一种超越。无论是从教育的存在形式上看,还是从其构成要素上看,教育都是一个复杂多变的系统。由此,以复杂性理论审视教育是适切的,也是必要的。它启示教育研究在本体论上由"科学世界"走向"生活世界",在认识论上由"简单"走向"复杂",在方法论上由"单一"走向"综合"。

Complexity theory is not only a kind of theory of researching the complex system, a kind of interdisciplinary methodology, but also a diversified and integrated complexity mode of thinking which is corresponds to the world＇s diversity, disorder, chaos and emergent and so on. It is not a specific theory of a subject, but rather scattered in many disciplines, which is a complexity included the simplicity.It is characterized by non-linear thinking, integrated thinking, relationship thinking and process thinking.It is a kind of transcendence of the simple thinking of modern people to understand the world.Whether it is from the perspective of the existence of education, or from its constituent elements,education is a complex and changeable system.Thus, applying the complexity theory to the education research is appropriate and necessary.It enlightenment education research： on the ontology from the ＂scientific world＂ to the ＂life world＂, on the theory of knowledge from the ＂simple＂ to the ＂complex＂, on methodology from the ＂single ＂to ＂comprehensive＂.