延安文学“大众化”理论及其实践

Theory of Massification of Yan'an Literature and Its Practice

延安文学"大众化"以自觉的理论建构及其创作实践,成为了20世纪中国文学"大众化"思潮中极为重要的历史时段,同时为当下文学"大众化"的创作带来了启示意义。延安文学"大众化"理论在战争文化规范下结合高度的政治意识形态逐步走向成熟;延安文学"大众化"实践以雅俗共赏的创作风貌建构起了具有中国本土文化气象和中国风格的文学形态;延安文学"大众化"的整体特征为:知识分子与大众的角色转换,精英话语与大众话语的历史转移,集体化创作,"民族化"追求以及政治功利主义色彩;同时相应地带来了局限性,如知识分子启蒙精神、审美理想、创作个性的失落,文学创作思想性胜于艺术性、通俗性胜于现代性、功用性胜于审美性的价值偏颇。

Regarded as a conscious theoretical construction and writing practice, the massification ofYan＇ an Literature was a very important historical stage in the ideological trend of massification of the 20th century Chinese literature. It still inspires the present massification writing even today. By connecting with the high- ly ideological trend, Yan＇ an massification theory matured in the war culture norm. In terms of the practice, it suited both refined and popular tastes and therefore shaped a literary form with Chinese cultural features and style. The massification was characterized by role switch between intellectuals and the mass, the historical transformation from elite discourse to mass discourse, collective writing, pursuit of nationalization and politi- cal utilitarianism. Meanwhile, it had some limitations such as the loss of intellectuals＇ enlightenment, aes- thetic ideal and writing personality as well as the value bias that thoughts were superior to the artistry, popu- larity to the modernity and functionality to the aesthetics.