基于管理目标的自然保护区分类方法研究

Classification Method of Nature Reserve Based on Management Objectives

在比较和总结国内外自然保护区类型划分和分类方法研究的基础上,参考世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)保护区的分类标准,提出了基于不同管理目标的保护区分类评价指标体系,试图对我国123个国家级自然保护区进行探索性的分类研究。结果表明:各指标不同组间的区别非常明显,尤其在自然性、多样性、珍稀程度、资源状况等方面,严格保护类、国家公园类、物种及栖息地管理类、自然景观类和资源管理类保护区数量分别占样本总数的37.40%、6.50%、26.83%、16.26%和13.01%,面积分别占样本总面积的64.39%、26.81%、7.20%、0.83%和0.76%。分类结果明确了保护区管理目标,且与保护区实际情况更为接近,对保护区分类管理具有重要的参考意义。

Based on the researches of comparison and summary of the categories and classification methods of Chinese nature reserves, the refer- ence to the International Union Conservation（IUCN） category system was made, a new classification method based on different management objectives was proposed. National nature reserves were divided into 5 types：Strict nature reserve, national park, habitat and species management area, natural landscape protected area and resource management area. Based on the construction of evaluation indicator system （ including 4 first level indicators and 13 second level indicators）, the value of the quantitative indicators were divided into 3 level and assigned score 5,3 and 1. According to the classifica- tion criteria and rules, this paper made an exploratory classification research of 123 national nature reserves. The results showed that, the number of the five types of protected areas accounted for 37.40% , 6.50% , 26.83 % , 16.26 % and 13.01% of the total number respectively, while the area ac- counted for 64.39% ,26.81% ,7.20% ,0.83% and 0.76 % of the total sample area. Based on the results, this paper concluded that the current classification method fully considered the national conditions of our country and the international trend. Contrary to present category system, new sys- tem had identified the management object and was closer to the actual situation while the method was simple and easy to use, which could provide the insight on the classified management and perfect the protected area system of China.