土地使用与轨道交通的空间适配探讨——深圳地铁2号线的实证分析

DISCUSSION ON SPATIAL MATCH BETWEEN LAND USE AND RAIL TRANSIT:A CASE STUDY OF SHENZHEN SUBWAY LINE 2

以深圳地铁2号线为研究对象,通过对沿线土地使用与轨道交通客流的实证分析,探讨土地使用与轨道交通的空间适配问题。研究发现,地铁2号线的客流与站点地区的土地使用之间存在较强的关联性,主要表现为:(1)功能影响。出行的流动主要发生在居住型站点与混合型站点或就业型站点之间;(2)密度影响。站点客流量与站点地区开发密度有正相关性,但高密度开发并不必然生成较高的站点客流量;(3)距离影响。客源大都分布在500m步行可达范围。在此基础上,提出在中国城市实现土地使用与轨道交通的空间适配不宜简单应用TOD模式的高密度开发、土地混合使用、宜人的步行环境等原则,而应该结合中国城市发展的现实状况,着重考虑以下几个方面:(1)站点周边地区潜在的轨道交通使用者密度而非单纯的开发密度;(2)在促进站点周边土地混合使用的基础上,平衡线路乃至线网上不同类型站点的数量与布局;(3)优化轨道交通的自行车和公交接驳服务来扩展轨道站点的服务圈层。

This paper, taking Shenzhen Subway Line 2 as a case, discusses the spatial match between land use and rail transit through an empirical analysis on the land use condition and the passenger flow on rail transit along the line. It is found that there is a strong correlation between land use characteristic and passengers flow of the metro station in which three kinds of effect can be summarized. （1） Function effect. The majority of passengers travel flow is generated between a residential-type station and a mixed-type or an employment-type station. （2） Density effect. Positive correlation is found between passengers flow and the density of building floor area. However, high density of building floor area is a necessary but not sufficient condition for high passengers flow. （3） Distance effect. Most of the rail transit users are from the area within 500m - a walking accessible distance around metro stations. As a conclusion, it is argued that the well-known principles of TOD such as high density, land use diversity and walking- friendly design cannot be applied in China cities roughly. To realize the spatial match between land use and rail transit, some suggestions are proposed as following： （1） pay more attention to the density of rail transit users around the stations rather than the density of building floor area; （2） emphasize the balance of different types of station both in number and distribution in term of the transit line and the whole transit network besides mixed land use of a single station; （3） improve the efficiency of bicycle and bus transfer to rail transit so as to extend the service area of metro stations.