三峡库区腹地农村居民点空间分布特征及其自然背景影响——以奉节县为例

Spatial Distribution of Rural Residential Areas and the Influence Factors of Their Natural Environment in the Central Region of Three Gorges Reservoir Area——A Case Study of Fengjie County

农村居民点是农村人口的重要聚居方式,分析其空间分布特征并深入揭示其空间布局的影响因素和驱动机制,对科学规划农村居民点,合理利用土地资源具有重要意义。文章以三峡库区腹地奉节县农村居民点作为研究对象,借助Arc GIS10.2软件,研究农村居民点密度和用地比重的空间差异性及其与地形因子的关系,结果表明:(1)从密度和用地比重来看,研究区不同等级的农村居民点在空间分布上均呈现出北部密度和用地比重较大,而南部总体偏小,局部密集,用地比重较大的特点;(2)从地形因子来看,研究区分布在海拔800 m以下及坡度6~25°范围内的农村居民点密度在20个/km2以上,用地比重多在1.5%以上,属于农村居民点较密集区。总体上,奉节县农村居民点空间布局与其自然地理环境有直接关系,地势低平、河网密布的地区,农村居民点密度大且用地比重大,反之,地势陡峭,土地承载力低的地区,农村居民点分布分散,用地比重较小。

Rural residential area is an important way to live in rural areas. Analysis of the characteristics of spatial distribution of the rural residential area will reveal the impact factors and driving mechanism of the spatial distribution of the rural residential area. This analysis is of great significance to scientific planning of rural residential areas and rational use of land resources. Rural residential areas of Fengjie County in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were investigated to analyze their spatial difference in distribution density and landuse proportion, and their relationship of the density and the landuse proportion with the topographic factors by using the Arc GIS10.2 software. The results showed that the rural residential areas in the study area was spatially high in distribution density and landuse proportion in the north and low in the south, with a feature of partial high distribution density and landuse proportion of the rural residential areas in the study. The distribution density of the rural residential areas was above 20 per square kilometer, with a proportion of landuse of more than 1.5% when the rural residential areas were located at the elevation of below 800 m and at the slope of 6°~ 25°. This area was densely distributed with rural re sidential area. Generally speaking, the spatial distribution of the rural residential areas in Fengjie County is directly related to its natural geographical environment. The rural residential areas were highly distributed with high land use proportionin the flat and densely covered river network areas. On the contrary, the rural residential areas were scattered in distribution with a low proportion of landuse in the areas with steep landform and low land carrying capacity.