曹操之死与刘备、孙权、曹丕的应对

On CAO Cao's Death and the Coping Strategies of LIU Bei,SUN Quan and CAO Pi

曹操之死是三国形成之初重要的事件。刘备、孙权、曹丕对这一事件采取了不同的应对策略。刘备藉曹操之死而放心攻吴,因连营七百余里犯了分兵大忌,导致夷陵之败,成为应对曹操之死的输家;孙权因曹操之死采取依然臣服曹丕的策略,全力对付刘备并取得夷陵之战的大胜,成为应对曹操之死的赢家;而曹丕忙于代汉建魏并巩固内部,在刘备从西部攻击孙吴之时,放弃了从东部攻击孙吴的大好时机,表面上不输不赢,实际上却造成了战略失误。曹操之死标志着东汉建安时代的结束,曹操死后曹丕、刘备、孙权三方先后建国称帝,此前的三方鼎立演变为三国鼎立。

CAO Cao＇s death was an important event in early period of Three Kingdoms. LIU Bei, SUN Quan and CAO Pi adopted different coping strategies. LIU Bei attacked Wu Kingdom without fear. Because he set his military camp for over 700 li and broke the taboo of dividing forces, he suffered the Yiling defeat. He was a loser in the event of CAO Cao＇s death. However, SUN Quan still took the strategy of submitting his kingdom to the rule of CAO Pi, the son of CAO Cao. He dealt with LIU Bei with all his strength and got the victory in Yiling battle. At this time, CAO Pi was busy to replace Han Dynasty with his Wei Kingdom and consolidate his power. Accordingly, when LIU Bei assailed SUN Quan from the West, he abandoned the great opportunity to attack SUN from the East. Apparently, he was neither a loser nor a winner. In fact, this was a great strategic mistake. CAO Cao＇s death marked the end of Jian＇an period of Eastern Han Dynasty. Afterwards, CAO Pi, LIU Bei and SUN Quan found their own kingdoms and proclaimed themselves emperors one after another. And the three parts became three kingdoms.