姓名权与商标权冲突的法律问题分析——以“乔丹案”为例

Legal Analysis on the Conflicts between Name Right and Trademark Right

姓名商品化的发展使得姓名权与商标权的冲突加剧。《商标法》明确规定商标注册不得损害他人的在先权利。姓名权是在先权利的一种,姓名权人对争议商标是否享有姓名权以及姓名权人本身的知名程度和相关公众对其认知水平,是认定争议商标侵害姓名权人姓名权与否的关键。当前我国对姓名权与商标权的冲突主要通过《商标法》中的"不良影响"条款或"在先权利"条款或《反不正当竞争法》的相关条款三种方式加以规制,在司法实践中选择适用时,法官自由裁量权较大,处理结果差异突出。

The development of name commercialization caused intensified conflicts between name right and trademark right. ＂Trademark Law＂ clearly stipulates that trademark registration shall not harm people＇s prior rights, which include name right. The following recognitions, including whether name right holders enjoy name right, whether name right holders are well-known, and whether the relative public know name right holders, are critical to define whether charged trademarks have invaded name right holders＇ rights. Nowadays, we mainly regulate the conflicts between name right and trademark right through three approaches including ＂bad influence＂ clause, ＂prior right＂ clause in ＂Trademark Law＂, or relative clauses in ＂Anti-unfair Competition Law＂. When making choices in judicial practice, judges have great free discretionary right and get various results.