论《史记·李斯列传》中的心理描写

On the Psychological Description in Records of the Grand Historian:the Biography of Lisi

《史记》是一部伟大的史学名著,也是一部经典的文学名著。它开创了以人物为中心的写人文学,成功地塑造出一大批典型的人物形象。心理描写作为刻画人物形象的重要手法之一,在《史记》一书中被运用得相当纯熟,而在诸多描写人物心理的篇章中,《李斯列传》堪称典范之作。通过感叹、自白与对话等多种心理描写手法,《李斯列传》成功地刻画出李斯、赵高以及胡亥等人的内心世界,这不仅体现了司马迁对前代优秀文学作品中心理描写技巧的继承,还有其对人物幽微心灵的探寻体味。

As an important means of portraying characters,psychological description is skillfully used in texts in Records of the Grand Historian,especially in The Biography of Lisi.The inner world of Lisi,Zhaogao and Huhai is portrayed successfully with such means of psychological description as exclamation,monolog and dialog,which not only shows Sima Qian＇s carrying forward of the art of psychological description of the previous literary works,but his feeling about the characters＇ subtle changes of mind as well.