国外深空探测推进技术发展及启示

Development of propulsion technology abroad for deep space exploration and its inspiration

推进系统为探测器的飞行提供所需的控制力和控制力矩,一定程度上决定了探测器的规模、最远飞行距离,乃至任务的成败,是探测器的重要分系统之一。为满足不同的深空探测任务需求,国外发展了多种形式的推进技术,但总体上仍以化学推进为主,部分采用了电推进系统,并在发展高性能低温推进技术等。对国外典型探测器推进系统进行了叙述,分析了其技术特点和发展趋势,并分别针对无人探测和载人探测应用探讨了对我国开展深空探测推进技术研究的启示。

Propulsion system provides the required control torce and control moment Ior spacecraft, to some extent, determines the size of the spacecraft, its farthest flight distance and even the success of the mission. It＇s one of the important subsystems of the spacecraft. Many kinds of propulsion systems have been developed abroad to meet different requirements. In this paper, some typical propulsion systems for deep space exploration are described and their technical characteristics and growing trends are analyzed. The inspiration to the Chinese research on propulsion technology for deep space unmanned and manned exploration is also discussed.