基于因子分析和聚类分析评价地下水环境负效应

The Evaluation on the Negative Effect of Groundwater Environment based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis

在岩溶隧道的施工中容易引发地下水环境负效应,从而危及隧道施工安全,影响施工进度,而且引起当地生态环境严重恶化.首先列出影响岩溶隧道施工中地下水环境负效应的诸多因素,根据试算选取地表汇水面积、地层岩性、地下水补径排条件、隧道长度、隧道最大埋深等5项因子作为评价指标,构建地下水环境负效应评价指标体系,然后运用因子分析和聚类分析法对各隧道进行地下水环境负效应强弱评价研究.结果表明:由因子分析模型得到的自然环境-隧道工程因素和地质-水文地质因素两个主因子能较好地反映原始指标的主要信息;聚类分析将地下水环境分为3个等级,与岩溶隧道实际的自然环境、水文环境和工程状况大致吻合,表明这是一种行之有效的方法.

It is easy to cause negative effect to the groundwater environment in the construction of karst tunnel, which endangers the safety of tunnel construction, affects the progress of construction and greatly deterioratesthe local ecological environment. Firstly, we list many factors which impact the groundwater environment in the construction of karst tunnel negatively. According to the trial, 5 factors are selected as the evaluation index,namely, surface catchment area, lithology, groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of tunnel length and the maximum depth of the tunnel. They are used for structuring an evaluation index system of groundwaterenvironment negative effect; then using factor analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the negative effect＇ s level of groundwater environment in each tunnel. The results was that the two main factors, the natural environmentand the tunnel engineering factors, and the geological and hydrogeological factors from the factor analysis model, can well reflect the main information of the original index. Cluster analysis divides groundwater environment into 3 grades, which fits the natural environment, hydrological environment and engineering condition of karst tunnel, and indicates that it is a useful method.