2011—2015年北京市儿童流行性感冒流行特征分析

Analysis on influenza surveillance of children in Beijing from 2011 to 2015

目的了解北京市儿童2011—2015年流行性感冒(流感)的流行特征和流感病毒优势株的变化,为儿童流感的防控提供参考。方法利用北京市儿童医院2011—2015年监测到的流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)及流感病原学监测数据,分析流感流行趋势和流感病毒的构成情况。结果在7 331 597例门、急诊病例中监测到ILI 638 623例,ILI占门、急诊就诊病例的8.71%,0~岁组所占比例最高,为69.56%;采集门诊ILI咽拭子标本5351例,其中流感病毒核酸阳性515例。各年份优势毒株构成不同,夏季也出现了ILI就诊的高峰。结论 2011—2015年各年份流感流行高峰出现在冬春季,小于5岁儿童是主要易感人群,建议夏季就诊高峰对儿童ILI开展多病原检测,从而可采取有针对性的预防及治疗措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza virus and the change of influenza virus dominant strain in children in Beijing during the period of 2011-2015, and to provide reference for its prevention and control. Methods The etiology monitoring results of influenza like illness （ILI） cases in children from Beijing Children＇ s Hospital from 2011 to 2015 were collected, the prevalence and constitution of influenza virus were analyzed. Results From 7 331 597 cases, 638 623 ILI were collected. The percentage of ILI cases to the outpatients and emergency patients was 8.71%. The highest proportion was 0 year group and constituent ratio was 69.56%. A total of 515 influenza virus were isolated from 5351 throat swab specimens of ILI cases, and the dominate subtype was different from 2011 to 2015, but it can also be popular in summer. Conclusions The high incidence of influenza is found in winter-spring commonly, children less than 5 years old are more susceptible to influenza. Pathogen detection is suggested for ILI children in summer, thus adopting more effective prevention and treatment measures.