基于超级电容的混合储能器件研究现状及展望

Advances and prospects for supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage devices

基于超级电容的混合储能器件(HESDs)是一种结合了两种储能形式——传统双电层电容与赝电容相结合,或者超级电容器和二次电池相结合——的新型储能器件,主要包括非对称超级电容器(ASCs)和电池电容器(BSCs)两大类。相比而言,混合储能器件不仅具有传统超级电容器的高功率密度、优良的长循环稳定性和安全性的特点,而且具有可与二次电池相媲美的能量密度,在未来能量储存应用领域中有望成为多功能电子设备、电动/混动车辆等的理想的终级动力源。针对不同种类超级电容器的电极材料储能行为及其相互联系、电解液的发展、电极材料合成与研究现状、全电池的构筑及其性能等方面进行了详细、系统的综述,并对混合储能器件未来的发展前景和趋势以及所面临的挑战进行了展望。

Hybrid energy storage devices （HESDs） are a new type of energy storage devices which combine the energy storage mechanism of double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, or supercapacitors and secondary batteries together in one system. HESDs can be classified as asymmetric supercapacitors （ASCs） and battery-supercapacitors （BSCs）. HESDs have electrochemical performance such as high rate density, long cycle stability and safety like traditional supercapacitors and also possess high energy density equivalent to secondary rechargeable batteries. HESDs can be used as power sources for multi-function electronic equipments and electric/hybrid vehicles in the future. In this paper, energy storage mechanism, the development of the electrolytes, electrode materials and the full cell fabrication and performance are reviewed in detail. Finally, an outlook about the development perspectives, trends and the challenges for HESDs is presented.