基金委是透明的吗?——基于循证评估的科学基金信息公开实践评价

Is National Natural Science Foundation of China Transparent?—Evaluation on Information Disclosure Practices of Science Foundation by Evidence-based Design

[目的/意义]国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)因其在项目评审中坚持"三公"原则,而在科学界颇负盛名,但其信息公开透明度如何,当前却鲜有研究。[方法/过程]基于循证评估原理,尝试构建科学基金信息公开实践评价的要素框架,并严格依据"要素-证据"关系链,从门户网站对比实测、NSFC工作人员认知评价,以及科学基金服务对象认知评价三个层面,对科学基金信息公开实践状况进行评估。[结果/结论]结果表明NSFC透明度状况良好,具体而言:门户网站透明度较高,但是在职能机构信息公开的内容、范围等10个方面与NSF还存在明显差异;NSFC内部领导和工作人员非常重视并积极推动信息公开工作,并指出信息公开动力源于"现实需求""提升工作效率"及"领导重视+社会压力"三个方面;科学基金服务对象对信息公开实践的满意度较高,但不同服务对象对信息公开内容的需求认知也呈现明显的差异。

[ Purpose/Significance ] NSFC is well-known in the scientific community for its adherence to the principles of ＂openness, fair- ness and justness＂ ,but few studies have been made on the transparency of its information disclosure so far. [ Method/Process] Based on the principle of evidence-based evaluation ,the framework of the elements for the practice evahiation on the information disclosure of scien- tific foundation is constructed. Besides, strictly adhering to the ＂element- evidence＂ chain, objective evaluation is made on the practical sit- uation of the information disclosure of scientific foundation from three perspectives,namely actual comparison and measurement from the portal site,the cognitive evaluation of NSFC staff,and the cognitive evaluation of the service objects of science foundation. [ Result/Conclusion] The results show that NSFC is comparatively transparent, specifically, NSFC portal has a high level of information transparency, but the information disclosure of functional sectors still falls behind NSF in ten aspects,including the content and scope of information dis- closure. Internal leadership and staff of NSFC attach great importance to information disclosure and have actively launched related work,and they have also pointed out that it is ＂actual need＂ ,＂ promotion of work efficiency＂ and ＂leadership concern ＆ social pressure＂ that drive up information disclosure. The service objects of science foundation present high degree of satisfaction with the practices of information disclosure,but different service objects＂ cognitive demands for information disclosure also have shown obvious differences. Finally, existing problems in the practices of information disclosure are pointed out and the limitations of this study are discussed.