精神障碍患者合并低血钾状况及影响因素分析

Occurrence and influencing factors of hypokalemia in patients with mental disorders

目的探讨精神障碍患者人院时低血钾的发生情况及影响因素。方法回顾2016年2-8月人住笔者所在医院的751例精神障碍患者入院后常规急查血钾浓度，分为低血钾组与非低血钾组，并进行两组间一般资料的调查比较。结果751例人院患者中低血钾患者血钾范围2．05～3．49mmol／L，平均（3．26±0．25）mmol/L。并发低血钾者149例，占入院总数的19．8％。单因素分析显示性别、年龄、饮食状况、入院季节、是否合作对有无低血钾差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。多元线性回归分析得出性别、年龄、入院季节、饮食状况、是否合作是发生低血钾的独立影响因素。结论精神障碍患者入院时可能存在一定程度的低血钾症状，针对患者可能存在的危险因素采取有针对性的预防措施，及时纠正血钾浓度，指导患者如何调整饮食，并注意相关的用药安全，有利于精神障碍患者因低血钾而引发不良反应的有效控制。

Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of hypokalemia in patients with mental disorders. Methods A total of 751 hospitalized patients with mental disorders from February 2016 to August 2016 admitted to hospital with urgent checking of serum potassium level were retrospective analyzed and divided into hypokalemia group and non-hypokalemia group. Comparison of general data was carried out between the two groups. Results In the 751 cases of hospitalized patients, the serum potassium level of hypokalemia patients was 2.05-3.49 mmol/L, with an average of （3.26±0.25） mmol/L; there were 149 cases of hypokalemia accounting for 19.8% of the total number of hospitalized patients. Single factor analysis showed that gender, age, diet status, hospital season and whether to cooperate had statistically significant differences in the serum potassium levels of hypokalemia patients （P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, diet status, hospital season and whether to cooperate was the independent factors of hypokalemia. Conclusions Patients with mental disorders may have some symptoms of hypokalemia. The hospital should take effectively preventive measures according to the risk factors, cure blood potassium concentration in time, guide the patients how to adjust the diet, and pay attention to the safety of medication which are conducive to the effective control of hypokalemia-leaded adverse reactions in patients with mental disorders.