机械应力对破骨细胞影响的研究进展

Advances in Effects of Mechanical Stress on Osteoclasts

破骨细胞是骨组织成分的一种,由多核巨细胞组成,是人体内唯一行使分解吸收骨质功能的细胞。它与成骨细胞在功能上相对应,在维持骨细胞动态平衡中具有重要作用。机械应力具有促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化、减少骨细胞凋亡并提高骨细胞的生存能力等作用。已有研究表明,机械应力作用于破骨细胞能够降低破骨细胞活性、抑制骨吸收。破骨前体细胞与未成熟的破骨细胞在机械应力刺激下分化为成熟破骨细胞的能力有所不同,机械应力强度与作用时间对破骨细胞的活化能力影响与有差异。该文就常见的微重力、压应力、牵张力与流体剪切力对破骨细胞分化能力的影响进行综述。

Osteoclast is a kind of bone tissue components. It is composed of multinuclear giant cells, which function as decomposing and absorbing bone tissue in vivo. It corresponds to osteoblasts in function and plays an important role in the dynamic balance of bone maintenance. Mechanical stress can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, reduce osteocyte apoptosis and improve the viability of bone cells and so on. Studies have shown that mechanical stress on osteoclasts can reduce osteoclast activity and inhibit bone resorption. The ability of osteoclast precursor cells to immortalize osteoclasts with immature osteoclasts under mechanical stress stimulation was different. The effects of mechanical stress on the viability of osteoclasts at different times and intensities were different also. In this paper, the effects of microgravity, compressive stress, tension and fl uid shear stress on the differentiation of osteoclasts were reviewed.