初产妇认知性社会资本对产前抑郁症的影响研究

The impact of cognitive social capital on prenatal depression of primiparous women

目的了解初产妇产前抑郁症流行现状,测量认知性社会资本对产前抑郁的影响。方法采用立意抽样法,在杭州市某院选取1 075例初产妇,利用爱丁堡抑郁量表(EPDS)、认知性社会资本量表测量初产妇产前抑郁和认知性社会资本现状。结果 1 075例初产妇中,产前抑郁293例(27.26%),EPDS分值(6.75±3.34)分;年龄(χ~2=9.76,P=0.045),居住地(χ~2=17.26,P<0.01);孕妇教育程度(χ~2=26.89,P<0.01);孕妇职业(χ~2=15.96,P=0.043);婚姻状况(χ~2=12.14,P<0.01);性格(χ~2=13.41,P<0.01);计划怀孕(χ~2=6.34,P=0.012);不良孕产史(χ~2=7.52,P=0.006)和丈夫教育程度(χ~2=15.87,P<0.01)对产前抑郁影响差异均有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,低社会信任(OR=2.00,adj OR=2.07,P<0.05);低社会互惠(OR=1.55,adj OR=1.60,P<0.05);内向性格(OR=1.70,adj OR=1.67,P<0.05);非计划怀孕(OR=1.46,adj OR=1.60,P<0.05),非城市居住地(OR=1.58,adj OR=1.71,P<0.05)是产前抑郁的危险因素。结论初产妇居住地、本人及丈夫教育程度、职业等人口学特征和不良孕产史对产前抑郁有影响,低水平的社会信任和社会互惠,不良孕产史,性格内向,非计划怀孕,非城市居住地均是产前抑郁的危险因素,增加抑郁发生风险。

Objective To understand the prevalence of prenatal depression of primiparous women in Hangzhou,and to discuss the effect of cognitive social capital on prenatal depression. Methods A total of 1 075 primiparous women were selected from a hospital in Hangzhou.EPDS and cognitive social capital scale were used to measure prenatal depression and cognition social capital status. Results Among 1 075 subjects,293（27.26%）had prenatal depression with EPDS score of 6.75±3.34.The study showed that age（χ^2=9.76,P=0.045）,place of residence（χ^2= 17.26,P〈0.01）,education（χ^2=26.89,P〈0.01）,occupation（χ^2=15.96,P=0.043）,marital status（χ^2= 12.14,P〈0.01）,personality（χ^2=13.41,P〈0.01）,planned pregnancy（χ^2=6.34,P=0.012）,pregnancy history（χ^2=7.52,P=0.006）and education of their partners（χ^2=15.87,P〈0.01）were influencing factors for prenatal depression.The multivariate analysis revealed that lower social trust（OR=2.00,adj OR=2.07,P〈0.05）,lower social reciprocal（OR=1.55,adj OR=1.60,P〈0.05）,the introverted personality（OR=1.70,adj OR=1.67,P〈0.05）,unplanned pregnancy（OR=1.46,adj OR=1.60,P〈0.05）,non-urban residence（OR=1.58,adj OR=1.71,P〈0.05）were risk factors of prenatal depression. Conclusions Factors as place of residence,education level of woman and her husband,occupation,unpleasant pregnancy history have significant impact on prenatal depression.Lower social trust and appreciation,unplanned pregnancy,introverted personality and unhappy marriage are risk factors for prenatal depression of primiparous women.