丽水市农村留守初中学生心理健康状况调查研究

Survey on mental health of latchkey-like middle school students in Lishui city

目的了解丽水市农村初中留守学生心理健康状况,为促进丽水市农村留守初中学生心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取丽水市2011-2015年劳务输出最多具有代表性的6所初中学校的学生,使用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)量表展开调查。结果调查1 124名学生,留守初中学生479人,非留守初中学生645人。在冲动倾向方面,留守初中学生评分(3.07±2.45)分,高于非留守初中学生(2.69±2.35)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.68,P=0.007)。在留守学生中,学习焦虑、对人焦虑、自责倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向方面,不同性别间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与父母不经常联系的留守初中学生孤独倾向评分(3.28±2.39)分,高于与父母经常联系的学生评分(2.49±2.32)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.60,P=0.010)。结论丽水市农村留守初中学生心理健康状况还是存在一定心理问题,应给予进一步关注。

Objective To understand the mental health status of latchkey-like middle school students in rural areas of Lishui,and to provide scientific basis for mental health intervention. Methods A questionnaire survey using Mental Health Scale（MHT）was conducted among 1 124 students randomly selected from 6middle schools by using stratified cluster sampling method from 2011 to 2015in rural areas of Lishui,where a lot of parents left their kids alone at home or with their grandparents（latchkey-like kids）due to work far away from home. Results Out of 1 124 students,479were left unsupervised by thire parents and 645 were normal controls.The score of impulsivity was much higher among latchkey-like students compared to that of controls（3.07±2.45 vs 2.69±2.35,t=-2.68,P=0.007）.There were significant differences between male and female latchkey-like students in terms of scores of learning anxiety,anxiety to person,self-accusation tendency,body symptom,horror tendency and impulsive tendency（P〈0.05）.The score of loneliness of left-unsupervised students who were not contacted by their parents very often was higher compared to those were（3.28±2.39 vs 2.49±2.32,t=-2.60,P=0.010）. Conclusions Latchkey-like middle school students do have some psychological problems in rural areas of lishui.