国际航空仲裁制度研究——兼评1999年《蒙特利尔公约》第34条

The Research on International Aviation Arbitration System——Comment on Article 34 of 1999 Montreal Convention

中国航空仲裁存在适用范围不一致、临时仲裁承认与执行不对等、上海国际航空仲裁院的发展面临诸多挑战等问题。为健全多元化争议解决机制,有效发挥航空仲裁的原本价值,中国应统一和明确航空仲裁的范围,以上海国际航空仲裁院为依托,以航空临时仲裁为试点,结合国际社会的通行做法和实践,以开放的姿态认可中国国内航空临时仲裁的合法性,实行航空机构仲裁与临时仲裁"双轨制"。建议在初期通过一般性的仲裁机构解决争议,在中期倾向于航空临时仲裁,在后期提交专门的航空仲裁机构,从而分阶段、有重点和有秩序地推进中国航空仲裁制度的改革与发展。

China＇s aviation arbitration comes across many difficulties,such as,the scope of arbitration being inconsistent, recognition and enforcement of ad hoc arbitration being unequal and Shanghai International Aviation Court of Arbitration being faced with developmental challenges. In order to construct diversified dispute settlement mechanism and play a well function and effective role in original value of aviation arbitration,we should unify and define the arbitration range of aviation dispute by practices of international community,rely on Shanghai International Aviation Court of Arbitration,then roll out a new pilot project of aviation ad hoc arbitration with a open attitude, recognize the legitimacy of the aviation ad hoc arbitration and finally carry out the dual track of aviation ad hoc arbitration and aviation institutional arbitration. We could promote reform and development of China＇s aviation arbitration system by following steps. In the early, focusing on general institutional arbitration,in the mid term,toward aviation ad hoc arbitration and finally to specialized aviation institution arbitration.