战时媒介管制与媒介功能“让位”--太平洋战争中的日本灾害新闻报道研究

Media Control and Functional Concession During the Pacific War——A Study on News Reports of Two Earthquakes in Japan

以日本东南海大地震(1944)和三河地震(1945)两次地震为研究背景,通过对报纸和广播对地震的报道情况分析,得知媒体对这两次地震未能展开详细、深入的报道,媒介在灾害中应发挥的功能让位于战争宣传需要。结合两次地震发生时的社会背景,得出媒介对于灾害事件功能失灵的原因在于受当时媒体管控体制限制的结论。相关新闻检阅史料,有力地佐证了在强有力的媒介管制体系之下,媒体面对灾害事件的发生"让位"功能,完全成为服务于战争的舆论工具,揭示出太平洋战争中日本媒体报道的军国主义本质。

Taken the Tonankai Earthquake （1944）and the Mikawa Earthquake （1945）as background,this paper analyzed some related news reports in news papers and broadcasting system in those two earthquakes. We come to the conclusion that media have not given enough detailed and in-depth reports and the original functions of media were replaced by the demand of war propaganda. Considering the social sphere that the two earthquakes happened, this paper will develop further analysis of the limitation of media control system during that time which is viewed to be responsible for media failure in disasters. We find some relevant historical materials which gave evidence to the functional decline of media under strict control , and proved the essence of militarism which media showed during the Pacific War.