南京市12所小学学生健康行为调查及影响因素

Survey on health behaviors and influencing factors among students in 12 primary schools of Nanjing City

目的了解南京市小学生健康状况、行为及其影响因素,为政府和教育、卫生行政部门制订学校健康教育与健康促进政策和措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,随机抽取南京市12所小学四年级和六年级学生共计1 199名,对他们的健康状况和日常行为习惯开展问卷调查。结果小学生饭前、便后每次都洗手的分别占63.8%和77.9%,与家长和老师的要求、提醒相关;近视眼的患病率为29.8%,与年龄、看电视、电子屏和睡眠时间有关;患有龋齿的占33.7%,与年龄、刷牙时间及频次和吃糖果类零食相关;超重、肥胖分别占12.8%和6.2%,与性别、年龄、吃油炸类零食有关;小学生中吸过烟、喝过酒的分别占3.9%和30.7%。结论南京市小学生存在众多影响健康的不良行为,有关职责部门应采取综合性健康教育与健康促进措施,实现小学生健康认知及行为不断改善与提升。

[Objective] To explore the health status,behavior and its influencing factors among primary school students in Nanjing City,provide scientific basis for government and departments of education and public health to formulate the policies and measures of health education and health promotion.[Methods]A total of 1 199 students in grade 4 and 6 were selected from 12 primary schools in Nanjing City by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect their health status and daily behavior habits information. [Results]The rate of washing hands before meals and after defecation was 63.8% and 77.9% respectively,which was related to requirements from parents and teachers. The prevalence rate of myopia was 29.8%,which was relevant to age,duration of watching TV and electronic screen,and sleeping time. The prevalence rate of dental caries was 33.7%,which was relevant to age,brushing time and frequency,and eating candy. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 12.8% and 6.2% respectively,which was relevant to gender,age and eating fried food. The proportion of smoker and drinker in primary school students was 3.9% and 30.7% respectively. [Conclusion]The students in Nanjing primary schools have serious health risk behaviors. The relevant departments should take comprehensive measures for health education and health promotion to improve the health cognition and behavior of primary school students.