三倍体OT百合与二倍体东方百合组间杂交育种

Intersection Hybridization Between Triploid OT Lily and Diploid Oriental Hybrids

本研究旨在探讨三倍体OT百合与二倍体东方百合系间杂交育种规律,培育系间杂种。采用常规压片法,分析母本染色体核型。采用切花柱及柱头直接授粉技术,进行OT×O系间杂交;在授粉后不同时间,采用胚珠直接接种法进行胚抢救。本研究中作母本的6个OT百合品种均为三倍体。柱头直接授粉技术明显优于切花柱授粉技术,前者的结果率及结籽率明显高于后者。24个OT(♀)×O(♂)杂交组合中,有16个组合能结果,占66.67%;能结果的杂交组合,大部分能收获饱满种子,结籽率在2.49%~16.78%之间。4个O(♀)×OT(♂)反交组合、6个OT(♀)×OT(♂)自交组合均未能结果。胚抢救60 d后,授粉60 d后进行胚抢救最有效,胚珠萌发最快,各组合出苗率在5.26%~18.56%之间。上述研究初步揭示了百合三倍体OT(♀)×二倍体O(♂)杂交育种规律,为创造非整体倍体变异、培育系间杂交新品种奠定了基础。

This study was aimed to find out the law of cross breeding in the triploid OT lilies×the diploid O lilies,and cultivate intergeneric hybrid. The maternal chromosome karyotypes were analyzed by using conventional compression method. The cut style and the normal stigma pollination method were applied for cross breeding in O（♀）×OT（♂）. The embryo rescue method was used via the direct ovule inoculation in different times after pollination.The 6 OT lilies as maternal cultivars were all triploids. The normal stigma pollination method was obviously better than the cut style one, and the former fruit set rate and seeding rate showed remarkably higher than those of the latter. The 16 hybridized combination were produced fruits in the 24 OT（ ♀）×O（♂） combinations, which could account for 66.67%. The hybridized combination with bearing fruit that most of which were generated plump seeds, and the seeding rate was from 2.49% to 16.78%. Both the 4 O（♀）×OT（♂） reciprocal cross and the 6 OT（♀）×OT（♂） self-cross combinations produced no fruit. After 60 days of embryo rescue and pollination, the embryo rescue showed the most effective, and the germination rate of ovule was the fastest. The seedling emergence rate of cross combination was among 5.45%~18.56%. This study preliminarily recovered the law of cross breeding in the triploid OT lilies×the diploid O lilies, which would lay the foundation for creating aneuploid variation and cultivating new breed of intergeneric hybrid.