钾肥施用量对鲜食甜玉米产量和品质的影响

Effects of Potassium Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Sweet Corn

以甜玉米超甜135和扬甜2号为材料,设置不同钾肥用量K_2O 0 kg/hm^2、75 kg/hm^2、150 kg/hm^2、225 kg/hm^2、300 kg/hm^25个处理,研究施钾量对甜玉米产量和品质的影响。结果表明,甜玉米产量、可溶性糖和蔗糖含量随施钾量的增加先升高后逐渐降低,淀粉含量先降低后升高,皮渣率随施钾量的增加显著升高。超甜135和扬甜2号的鲜穗产量均以施K_2O 150 kg/hm^2最高,比不施钾处理分别增产15.26%、19.52%。甜玉米物性受施钾量的影响较大,施钾量增多,硬度显著变大;脆性随施钾量的增加先升高后降低,以施K_2O150 kg/hm^2最高。经回归分析,甜玉米最高产量钾肥用量为K_2O 151.9~164.8 kg/hm^2,最优品质的钾肥用量为K_2O 150.8~176.6 kg/hm^2。

To determine the ef fects of potassium fertilizer on fresh ear yield and quality of sweet corn, a field experiment was conducted with two corn cultivars, Chaotian 135 and Yangtian 2. There were five potassium rates,K_2O 0, 75 kg/hm^2, 150 kg/hm^2, 225 kg/hm^2, 300 kg/hm^2. The results show that fresh ear yield, the contents of soluble sugar and sucrose are increased at the first, and then gradually decreased, but the content of starch goes by contraries with the increment of the potassium application rates. As applied potassium fertilization increased, pericarp content is increased significantly. The fresh ear yield of Chaotian 135 and Yangtian 2 are significantly increased under the potassium fertilization, and the yield is highest under K_2O 150 kg/hm^2 of the two cultivars are increased by 15.26%and 19.52% respectively. The textural properties of sweet corn are changed by the rates of potassium fertilization. The hardness of grains is significantly increased with the amount of potassium fertilization increased, and the fracturability is significantly increased at first and then decreased with the increase of potassium fertilization application.The value of fracturability reaches the highest level under K_2O 150 kg/hm^2 application. According to the regression model of fresh ear yield and quality, the optimum amounts of potassium fertilization are K_2O 151.9~164.8 kg/hm^2 for harvesting the high yield, and K_2O 150.8~176.6 kg/hm^2 for the high quality of sweet corn in practices.