免耕和翻耕下典型棕壤花生铁营养特性差异

Differences in Iron Nutrition Characteristics Under No Tillage and Conventional Tillage Systems in Typical Brown Soils of Main Peanut Producing Areas

为了阐明免耕和常规翻耕20 cm下花生不同器官铁累积利用差异,在鲁东花生主产区3个典型棕壤试验点(望城、夏甸和齐山)系统研究了免耕和常规翻耕下花生铁营养特性变化。结果表明,相比免耕处理,常规翻耕20 cm增加了花生籽仁铁的累积,在望城点、夏甸点和齐山点分别增加了38.4%、20.2%和51.2%,且籽仁铁的累积与籽仁氮的累积及花生产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。免耕处理促进了花生茎、叶、果针和果壳等器官中铁的奢侈累积,在望城点、夏甸点和齐山点,这4个器官铁的累积量比常规翻耕处理分别提高了6.0%、32.1%和14.7%,同时花生累积带走的总铁量高于常规翻耕处理,从而造成土壤有效铁含量及土壤铁活化系数均比常规翻耕处理下降了15.1%~32.9%。综上,土壤翻耕措施能够有效增加花生籽仁铁的累积分配,降低茎、叶、果针和果壳等器官中铁的无效累积,从而提高花生铁的利用效率,该研究结果为花生田铁营养合理管理提供了理论依据。

The accumulations and allocations of iron （Fe） in different organs of peanut （Arachis hypogaea I,. ） under no tillage and conventional tillage measurements were investigated in three typical brown soils of main peanut producing sites （Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan） in Eastern Shandong, which was used to determine the difference in Fe nutrition characteristics of peanut. Results showed that conventional tillage treatment （soil plowing with 20 cm） improved the Fe accumulation in kernel of peanut while it was increased by 38.4% , 20.2% and 51.2% at Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan sites, respectively. The promotion of Fe in kernel significantly correlated with N accumulation in kernel and peanut yield （P 〈 0.01 ）. No tillage treatment induced the luxury accumulations of Fe in the parts of stem, leaf, peg and shell, and the Fe accumulations of four parts were increased respectively by 6.0%, 32. 1% and 14.7% at Wangcheng, Xiadian and Qishan sites compared with conventional tillage treatment. Meanwhile, total Fe accumulation in the whole plant of peanut was also higher under no tillage treatment than conventional tillage treatment. Soil available Fe content and soil Fe activation coefficiency were decreased by 15. 1 - 32.9% under no tillage treatment compared with conventional tillage treatment. In conclusion, soil tillage measurement could significantly promote the Fe content and allocation in kernel of peanut and decrease the invalid accumulation of Fe in the parts of stem, leaf, peg and shell, which effectively increased the Fe use efficiency in peanut field. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the rational Fe nutrition management in peanut field.