小说话语与法学视野——以莫言两篇小说中的公共领域问题书写为例

Discourse and Law——With the Discourses on Public Domain in Two of Mo Yan's Novels as Examples

小说是善于整体性地反映整个社会生活的,它与抒情为主的诗歌或者散文不一样。现代社会,尤其是中国这样的社会生活环境下,一个小说家如果回避了政治,那他的作品肯定是苍白无力的,一个作品想要有分量肯定回避不了政治问题。莫言的作品里充满了政治的各种书写。《飞鸟》这篇看起来荒怪陆离的小说体现了莫言对人性的底线的一种非常微妙且通透的把握;蕴含着巨大的弗洛依德主义的魅力的同时也对政治和社会运转机制中的内在力量的多元性给予暗示,这些文字中包含着对某些被人们忽略的生活真谛的洞察。《牛》则生动揭示了我们公共领域中长期存在的不同主体间关系不平等的问题。《牛》呈现了中国公共领域文化中的最致命的病症所在,给我们理解中国社会治理问题以颇多启发。今天,要想理解好小说话语,常常需要一定的法学素养与视野。(1)

A novel reflects the whole social life. In modern society,if a novelist avoids politics,his works are certainly powerless. Mo Yan＇s works are full of writings of politics. The Birds embodies the writer＇s delicate and transparent grasp of human nature with the charm of Freudianism and with hints to diversity of inner forces in the political and social mechanism,which contains insights into the true meaning of life that was neglected. Cattle vividly reveals the inequality in the different subjects in the public domain with a lot of inspiration for our understanding of social governance of China. Today,it often requires a certain knowledge and vision of law to understand the discourse of novels.