滇南矿区稻米重金属累积的品种差异及其健康风险分析

Analysis on Varieties Difference and Health Risk of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice in Southern Yunnan Mining Area

基于矿区稻米质量安全问题,为获得区域适宜种植的重金属低累积水稻品种,采用大田小区试验,对近年来滇南矿区主栽的15个水稻地方品种设置连续2年3个不同试验点的栽培试验,研究分析了滇南矿区不同水稻品种的重金属累积特征及其健康风险。结果表明:15个参试水稻品种糙米对As、Pb、Cd的吸收累积有较大的差异。糙米中Pb含量较高的品种为宜香107,最低的为滇屯502,两者相差幅度为0.188 mg/kg;Cd含量最高的品种为红优4号,最低的为云恢290,两者相差幅度为0.383 mg/kg;总As含量最高的品种为宜香99E-4,最低的为丰优香占,两者相差幅度为0.189 mg/kg。以食品安全国家标准GB 2762-2012中污染物Pb、Cd、无机As限量指标(≤0.2 mg/kg)和健康风险定量评估风险熵(HQ<1)为评价标准,初步筛选出适宜该地区重金属复合污染土壤条件下种植的重金属低累积水稻品种:滇屯502、宜优2815、云恢290和丰优香占,这4个品种的选择种植与土壤修复+农艺调控的联合管理将会更有效地减少试验区域重金属对稻米食用人群的危害。

In order to solve the safety and quality problems of rice produced in mining area,and to obtain suitable rice varieties with low heavy metal accumulation for this area,this paper designed cultivation experiment at 3 different spots for 15 major local rice varieties recently planted in southern Yunnan mining area for 2 succesive years;and analyzed heavy heavy metal accumulation characteristics and its health risk in different rice varieties planted in this area.The results showed that there were big differences in absorption and accumulation of As,Pb and Cd in 15 rice tested varieties.In brown rice,Yixiang 107 had higher Pb content,and Diantun 502 had the lowest Pb content.The different range between these 2 was 0.188 mg/kg.Hongyou 4 was the variety with the highest Cd content.While,Yunhui 290 was the one with the lowest Cd content.Their range difference was 0.383 mg/kg.Yixiang 99E-4 had thehighest As content,and Fengyouxiangzhan had the lowest As content.Their range difference was 0.189 mg/kg.Taking the national food safety standards （GB 2762-2012） pollutants Pb,Cd,inorganic arsenic limit values （≤0.2 mg/kg） and health risk assessment risk entropy （HQ1） as the evaluation criteria,this study screened out the following cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation suitable for planting in heavy metal polluted soil of this area：Diantun 502,Yiyou 2815,Yunhui 290 and Fengyouxiangzhan.Plantation of these 4 cultivars ＋ soil remediation＋ agronomic regulation would more effectively reduce the harm of heavy metals to population taking rice as daily food.