中国古典文学“中和优化”翻译策略研究

A Translation Strategy of “Balanced Optimization” in Chinese Classical Literature

进入21世纪以来,全球化进程不断加剧,促使世界各国在政治、经济、军事、文化等方面不断开展了广泛的交流与合作。全球跨文化交流的日益深入也加速了中国古典文学的对外传播,对翻译的要求也相应提高。在对具有丰富历史底蕴和文化负载的中国古典文学进行英译时,单纯使用直译或意译,归化或异化的翻译策略都很难实现既保留源语的文化特点又符合目的语表达习惯的翻译目标。为此,文章创新性地提出了"中和优化"的翻译策略,即在跨文化视阈下,翻译中国古典文学时,译者应针对语言和文化差异,综合考虑源语和译语的语言和文化特征、原文作者的写作意图、情感内涵和目标受众对源语及其所内含文化的理解水平、接受程度等因素,选择恰当的翻译策略或策略组合对译语进行相对异化。在保持译文适度异化的基础之上,在原作和译作之间找到一个融合点,通过译者的艺术再创造加以优化,突破源语语言形式的束缚,在形与神、信与美的对立中寻求和谐优化,使源语与目的语、作者与读者相互和谐顺应,既使译文准确、顺畅、生动,符合古典文学的表达方式,又能让读者领会源语所蕴含的语言之美和文化内涵,通过读者和作者之间的对话,达到传播中国古典文化之目的。

The increasing globalization fuels the wide communication and cooperation in the fields of politics, economy, military and cuhures in the 21st century. The intercultural communication universally accelerates the overseas publicity of Chinese classical literature and the cry for translation is accordingly demanding. In the process of C-E translation of these great works containing rich history and culture, the author finds that it is extremely hard to achieve the goal of both retaining the source culture and matching the target expression simply by means of either literal or free translation, domestication or foreignization. Hence, the author proposes the translation strategy of balanced optimization creatively. That is, from the cross-cultural perspective, considering the linguistic and cultural differences of both source and target texts, the writing purpose and emotional connotation of the original author, diverse audiences and readers＇ understanding of source language as well as its culture, translators should try to employ appropriate strategies or strategy profile to foreignize the translation and hunt for a balance between the two texts as well. The art recreation of the translator can optimize and break through the confine of the source text linguistically to seek harmonious optimization between the form and the connotation, faithfulness and elegance of the target text. The strategy of balanced optimization is expected to bridge the gap between the original author and the target readers to help them comprehend the linguistic beauty and cultural connotation as well as spreading Chinese classical literature globally.