生态文明战略下资源型城市转型过程中的困境与策略

Difficulties and Strategies in the Transformation Process of Resource Cities under the Strategy of Ecological Civilization

基于生态文明建设战略背景的我国经济发展新常态下,以矿产为代表的资源经济是国民经济中十分重要的组成部分,以矿业为代表的资源型城市因势利导地转型升级成为必然选择,绿色转型更是基本要求。资源型城市,一方面资源供给过剩,另一方面有效供给不足,面临矿产资源枯竭、经济结构畸形、社会体制性障碍及生态环保问题等困境。为解决资源型城市发展过程中的困境,应采取如下策略:选择成熟期作为转型期;优化升级产业结构;实施矿产资源经济区供给侧结构性改革;创新引领矿业发展,多方降低开发成本;加大财政、金融支持力度;加快生态文明建设,积极发展工业旅游;移交社会职能,消除企业办社会现象;伺机培育、建设特色小镇;关注特区建设战略,寻求合作共赢机会。在构建生态补偿机制时,应将计划机制和市场机制有机结合,在实施补偿过程中,可通过定价机制、补偿实施机制和监督保障机制等三种方式完成,补偿模式可采用市场补偿与政府补偿两者有机结合。生态补偿的具体策略包括:首先应加强生态文明体系的制度建设,确保生态补偿科学、高效实施;其次应渐进式开展旅游服务,部分依托旅游收入补偿生态修复资金,形成良性循环;再次通过大力发展生态旅游,展现生态补偿的美好前景,提升投资者对生态补偿和修复的信心。开发工业旅游,应注重资源开发策略,应与特色小镇建设相结合,应与康养需求相结合。

Under the new norm of China＇s economic development based on the background of ecological civilization construction, the mining economy is an important part of national economic development. The transformation and upgrading of resource-based cities become inevitable and green transformation is the basic requirement. Resource-based cities have the problem of excess supply of resources on the one hand, and effective supply shortage on the other hand, facing the depletion of mineral resources, economic structural malformations, social institutional barriers and ecological and environmental problems and other difficulties. In order to solve the dilemma in the development of resource-based cities, the following strategies should be adopted： select the mature period as the transition period; optimize the upgrading of industrial structure;implement supply side structural reform of mineral resources economic zone; lead the development of mining via innovation, reduce development costs from multi-sides; increase financial and financial support; accelerate ecological civilization construction and actively develop industrial tourism; transfer the social functions and eliminate corporate social phenomenon; find opportunities to cultivate and construct characteristic town;concern about the SAR construction strategy and seek cooperation and win-win opportunities. In the construction of ecological compensation mechanism, the planning mechanism and the market mechanism should be organically integrated into the implementation of the compensation process. The compensation can be achieved through pricing mechanism, compensation implementation mechanism and supervision and guarantee mechanisms. As for the compensation model, the organic combination market compensation and government compensation can be adopted. Specific strategies for ecological compensation include： first,strengthen the system of ecological civilization system to ensure that ecological compensation science and efficient implementation; second, carry out progressive tourism services and partially rely on tourism income to compensate ecological restoration funds and form a virtuous circle; third, show the bright future of eco-compensation through the development of eco-tourism and enhance investors＇ confidence in ecological compensation and repair. The development of industrial tourism should focus on resource development strategy, be combined with the characteristics of small town construction, and be combined with the needs of health care.