1940年法国败降军事原因再探讨——基于对流行观点的反思

Re-examine of Military Reasons for the Fall of France in 1940:Based on the Reflection of the Popular Views

对1 940年法国败降原因的研究向来是我国二战史研究的重要课题,特别是对法国败降军事原因的研究更是取得了丰硕的成果。然而学术界普遍认可的一些观点是值得商榷的。在1940年的战局中,法国的战略并非单纯的消极防御战略,而是基于双方战略困境的合理选择;法军误判德军主攻方向并非致命,双方在战略上实现的互动才是将误判后果扩大化的主要原因;因循守旧等缺点在德、法双方高级将领中普遍存在,德军将领曼施坦因、古德里安对计划的成功发挥了至关重要的作用。1940年法国败降的根本原因是德、法双方战略产生了有利于德国的互动,以及由此导致的法国在军事上的失败。

In China, the study of the causes of the fall of France in 1940 has always been an important subject of the study of military defeat in on the history of the Second World War. Particularly, the study of the causes France has achieved fruitful results. However, some of the views generally accepted by academia are problematic. In 1940, the French strategy was not a simply passive defense one, but a reasonable choice based on the strategic dilemma of the two sides. French misjudgment on the main attack direction of Germany was not deadly. The main reason for the deterioration of misjudgment was the interaction in strategy rather than the military misjudgment of main attack direction of Germany. Such shortcomings as conservatism in strategy were common among senior generals in Germany and France, but Manstein and Guderian had played a vital role to the success of the plan. The fundamental reason for the fall of France was that the German and French strategies formed an interaction that favored Germany, which resulted in French＇s defeat in the military