以史为鉴——欧洲城市街区形态发展对未来街区设计的启示

Learn From History——The Enlightenment of the European Urban Block Form Development to the Future Block Design

街区是城市基本的土地管理单元,也是城市空间的构成单元,对城市空间环境的塑造起到直接作用。从城市诞生起,街区作为一种组织单元就已存在,经历漫长的城市建设,城市形态伴随社会制度和生产力的进步不断发生着改变,街区形态亦然。但以"光明城市"为范本的现代城市形态打断了街区形态发展的连续性,并在日益凸显的城市问题中不断受到质疑和批判。为了未来城市的可持续发展,街区形态在城市空间中的重要性被重新提及,城市规划设计学者希望从历史街区中汲取经验,以引导未来城市街区形态发展。文章从历史角度,以社会制度和生产力的变革为界线,对欧洲奴隶时期、封建时期、近代资本主义时期、工业时期四个历史阶段街区形态演变及其形态特征进行分析,为后工业时代街区形态设计提供历史依据和设计资料。

Block is the basic land management unit of the city, and it is also a unit of the urban space, which plays a direct rofe in the shaping of the urban space environment. From the birth of the city, block as a kind of organizational unit has existed. After a long time of urban construction, urban form with the social system and the progress of productive forces continue to change, the shape of the block is also. However, the ＂bright city＂ as the template of the modern urban morphology interrupted the continuity of the development of the block, and have been questioned and criticized in the increasingly prominent urban problems. For the sustainable development of the city in the future, the importance of block form in the city space to be mentioned, city planning and design researchers hoping to learn lessons from the historic district, in order to guide the future development of city block form. In this paper, from the angle of history, seeing the change of social system and productivity as the boundary, we will analysis block morphological evolution and morphological characteristics during slavery period, feudal period, the period of modern capitalism, the industry period, and hope to provide historical basis and design data for the post industrial era block form design.