公正世界信念和具身认知对责备受害者的影响

Effects of Belief in a Just World and Embodied Cognition on Victim Blaming

目的:探讨公正世界信念(BJW)和具身认知对大学生责备受害者行为的影响。方法:采用E-Prime、自编的受害情境和责备受害者量表,进行2(公正世界信念:低威胁和高威胁)×3(具身认知:肯定,否定,无)混合因素设计,处理间自变量是具身认知,处理内自变量是公正世界信念受威胁程度。以94名大学生为被试,把被试随机分为肯定组、否定组和控制组。3组被试接受相同的公正世界信念激活和威胁操作(包括高威胁和低威胁两个水平),在接受威胁操作的同时接受肯定具身认知(肯定组)、否定具身认知(否定组)或无具身认知(控制组)变量,随后对材料中受害者的性格特征进行评分。比较3组被试责备受害者评分的差异。结果:方差分析显示,具身认知和公正世界信念在责备受害者评分上存在交互效应(F=3.060,P=0.049)。简单效应检验表明,否定组在高威胁公正世界信念下的评分显著高于低威胁公正世界信念(F=12.356,P=0.001);肯定组、控制组在公正世界信念低威胁和高威胁水平下的评分均不存在显著性差异(F)=0.734,P=0.393;F=0.052,P=0.819)。结论:否定具身认知和公正世界信念会共同影响人们对受害者的评价,表明人们在对受害者进行评价时并不客观公正,会受到公正世界信念和否定的身体动作影响导致对受害者的评价存在偏差。

Objective：To explore the relationship between Belief in a Just World（BJW）,embodied cognition and victim blaming.Methods：E-Prime,self-designed victim situation and victim blaming scale were used to conduct a 2 （BJW：low BJW threat and high BJW threat）＊3（embodied cognition：Positive,negative and none）mixed factor ex-periment.Embodied cognition was taken as a variable between groups and BJW within groups to investigate 94 col-lege students in a university in Guangzhou.All the participants were divided randomly into positive group,negative group and control group.Belief in a Just World（include high BJW threat and low BJW threat）of all participants was activated and threatened in the same way.Simultaneously,positive group,negative group and control group accepted positive,negative and none embodied cognition respectively while accepting BJW threats.They then scored victim＆#39;s characteristics of these materials.The scoring difference of victim blaming among these three groups were analyzed. Results：According to general linear model,Belief in a Just World and embodied cognition had interactive effect on victim blaming scores（F =3.060,P 〈0.05）.The scores on victim blaming of negative group under high BJW threat were higher than that under low BJW threat（F = 12.356,P 〈0.01 ）,while the scores of positive group and control group had no significant difference under high BJW threat and low BJW threat（P 〉0.05）.Conclusion：Negative em-bodied cognition and Belief in a Just World can jointly affect the degree of victim derogation,which reveals partiality in people＆#39;s opinions of victims.Their evaluation for victims is susceptible to BJW and negative body movement with bias.