女性主义法学视角下的代孕规则检讨

Analysis of Ban of Surrogacy and Legal Suggestions

代孕是人工辅助生殖技术发展的必然结果。在我国现有的语境下,代孕并不为立法允许。表面上看,禁止代孕是出于维护女性利益考虑,但由于人工辅助生殖技术的运用存在着性别差异,因而禁止代孕从本质而言是性别偏见的产物,其不仅没有达到预期效果,反而还使不孕女性和代孕女性的权益裸露在立法的保护范围之外,间接上也造成了地下代孕市场的畸形繁荣。在女性主义运动蓬勃发展和女性地位不断提高的大背景下,禁止代孕无疑与主流发展趋势相违背,其使女性遭受不可预料的伤害。因此,立法者必须立足于实际情况,以女性主义法学为视角,对禁止代孕的规定进行重新审视,并从女性利益立场出发,在性别平等理论的指导下重构代孕的规则体系,具体而言,应在允许妊娠型代孕的同时禁止基因型代孕与捐胚型代孕。

Surrogacy is the result of the development of artificial procreation technology. Surrogacy is not allowed in China＇s legislation. Prohibition of surrogacy considers protection of women＇s rights and interests, but the gender difference in the use of artificial procreation technology makes prohibition of surrogacy a result of gender bias, which makes women vulnerable and be out of protection of laws. It indirectly leads to underground and illegal surrogacy.With the background of the feminism movement and the improvement of women＇s status, the ban of surrogacy is not consistent with the main trend and leads to the infringement upon women＇s rights and interests. Therefore, legislators should reconsider the regulations on surrogacy from legal feminist perspective and reconstruct the rules of surrogacy with the guidance of gender equality.