系统视角下中国西部煤炭开采生态损伤与自然修复研究综述

Review on Study of Ecological Damage and Natural Recovery in the Coal Mining Subsidence Area in Western China

我国西部半干旱矿区生态受到采煤与气候的双重胁迫,区域生态环境脆弱。掌握区域生态系统自然修复规律,可为半干旱矿区生态恢复与重建提供基础理论参考。基于系统视角,分析了我国西部矿区煤炭地下开采对地貌、水文、土壤和植被等生态环境要素影响的研究进展。分析指出,已有研究尚存在以下不足:研究尺度单一、各生态子系统间互馈关系不清、采矿对生态的扰动机理不明、生态修复标准与评价体系不完善。今后应从多尺度(特别是微观尺度)定量研究西部矿区采煤对生态系统的损伤机理,构建矿区生态系统自修复评价指标体系并提出可量化的自修复标准。

The regional ecological system was under the double influence of coal mining and climate. The ecological environment of the semi - arid coal mining subsidence area was fragile. Mastering the law of regional ecological restoration could provide theoretical reference for ecological res- toration and reconstruction in semi- arid area. This paper summarized the research progress on geomorphology, hydrology, soil and vegetation in the semi - arid area of China. The analysis indicated that there were still some shortcomings in the existing studies：The research scale was single,it was not clear that the mutual supply relation between the ecological subsystems, the disturbance mechanism of mining to ecology was unknown, the stan- dards of ecological restoration and evaluation system were imperfect. In the future, it was necessary to quantitatively study the damage mechanism of coal mining to the ecosystem in western mining area from the multi scale （especially the micro scale）. It was also important to construct the evaluation index system of natural restoration of mining area ecosystem, and to put forward the standard of natural restoration.