小麦黄花叶病对不同类型小麦品种生物学性状及籽粒产量的影响

Effect of Wheat Yellow Mosaic Viral Disease on Biological Traits and Grain Yield of Different Wheat Cultivars

为了给小麦科学防病和抗(耐)病品种的筛选提供参考依据,在小麦黄花叶病重发区,以当地种植品种和黄淮冬麦区主推品种为试验材料,研究了小麦黄花叶病对不同小麦品种叶片SPAD(Soil and Plant Analyzer Development)值、春季总茎数、干物质积累量以及成熟期产量性状的影响。结果表明,感病小麦品种临麦4号和矮抗58于起身期(3月11日)开始出现症状,与无症状的临麦4号植株(LM4-N)相比,发病的临麦4号植株(LM4-S)的叶片SPAD值由52.4降至37.3;拔节后期(4月10日)所有品种SPAD值之间均无显著差异。然而,与LM4-N相比,拔节后期LM4-S单位面积总茎数减少51.4%,干物质积累量降低42.2%;成熟期LM4-S单位面积穗数降低21.2%,穗粒数降低24.5%,籽粒产量降低2 944.3kg·hm-2,降幅38.3%。而该病对本研究中的其他抗病表现较好的品种鲁原502、济麦22、良星99和烟农24均未产生显著影响。结合各品种的产量表现,建议在小麦黄花叶病发病地区种植推广鲁原502、济麦22等高产、抗(耐)病性较好的品种。

To provide references for prevention against wheat disease and select resistant or tolerant cultivars,the local cultivars and major cultivars in Huang-Huai winter wheat region were investigated to observe the leaf SPAD （soil and plant analyzer development） value, total stem number,dry matter in the spring and grain yield components of tested cultivars at maturity in the wheat yellow mosaic viral（WYMY） disease endemic area. The experimental results indicated that the disease symptoms appeared on susceptible cultivars at heading stage（March 11th） ,such as LM4 and AK58. Compared with LM4-N,the leaf SPAD value of LM4-S decreased from 52.4 to 37.3. There was no significant difference among the leaf SPAD values of all cultivars at late jointing stage（April 10th）. Nevertheless, Compared with LM4-N,total number of stems per unit area of LM4-S decreased by 5：1.4%,and dry matter decreased by 42.4%. Spike number at maturity of LM4-S decreased by 21. 2%, and kernel number decreased by 24. 5%. As a result, the yield of wheat decreased by 38. 3% with a drop of 2 944.3 kg · hm^-2. No significant effect of the disease on other cultivars was observed, such as LY502,JM22,LX99 and YN24. Combined with the yield performance of different cultivars, the cultivars with high yield and resistance to WYMV are suggested to be planted in the disease endemic area, for example,LY502 and JM22.