农业转移人口市民化进程中的“推力-拉力”分析

ANALYSIS OF THE "PUSH-PULL FORCE" IN THE PROCESS OF CITIZENIZATION OF RURAL MIGRANT POPULATION

[目的]探索在农业转移人口市民化进程中所面临的动力因素和阻力因素,并寻求适当的政策措施以强化动力、规避阻力。[方法]首先将农业转移人口市民化过程划分为"流入城市"、"迁入城市"、"融入城市"3个阶段,接着运用"推-拉"理论,从城市和农村两个角度,对各个阶段面临的推力和拉力进行分析。[结果]推动市民化进程的动力来自于农村的推力和城市的拉力,而阻力来自于城市的外推力和农村的回拉力,4种力量相互博弈在市民化的不同阶段呈现不同的特点,在"流入"阶段,农村推力和城市拉力起主要的作用,促进农业人口转移;在"迁入"阶段,制度性原因造成的城市的外推力作用明显;在"融入"阶段,城市外推力和农村回拉力在一定程度上会阻碍市民化进程。[结论]深化农村土地制度改革,增强对农业转移人口的职业技能培训,促进"流入";深化户籍制度改革,实现城市基本公共服务均等化,保证"迁入";培养农业转移人口的市民意识,并提高城市的接纳度,实现"融入"。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the power factors and resistance factors in the process of the citizenization of rural migrant population, and seek appropriate policy measures to strengthen the power and avoid the resistance. The＂ push - pull ＂theory was used to analyze the thrust and force in each stage from the urban and rural perspectives. The results showed that the process of citizenization come from the rural push and the urban pull, while the resistance was from the city＇s external thrust and rural back pull. The four forces affecting the process of citizenization presented different characteristics in different stages. In the ＂inflow＂ stage, the urban thrust and urban pull played a major role in promoting the transfer of agricultural population. In the ＂ migration＂ stage, the city＇s external thrust was obvious due to the institutional causes. In the ＂ integration＂ stage, rural back pull and city＇s external thrust hindered the process of citizenship. Finally, it proposed that deepening the reform of the rural land system and enhance the vocational skills training can promote the inflow of the transfer population, deepening the reform of household registration system and achieve the equalization of basic public services can ensure the migration, and cultivating the public awareness of the agricultural transfer population and improve the city＇s acceptance can achieve the ＂ integration＂.