阶级、地位与职业:竞争性分层视角的理论定位及内在关联

Class,Status and Occupation: Theoretical Orientation and Inherent Relationship of Competitive Stratification Perspectives

阶级、地位群体与职业是最具竞争性的分层视角,它们共同构成了社会分层体系的重要基础。本文的中心目标在于厘清三者的理论边界、系统关联及其在多维分层模型中的相对位置。关系取向的经济群组、荣誉与声望界定的"社会圈子"和基于劳动技术分工的经济文化综合体分别构成了三种视角的理论"硬核"。内在关联上,阶级和地位群体的关系命题一直在"保留区分"与"弥合裂痕"之间争论不已;同时二者都能在职业那里找寻到根基,职业的物质报酬、符号荣誉维度分别构成了阶级和地位群体的社会来源。在分层视角的类型学上,依据不同的标准(关系与等级、类别与连续、真实与名义),各分层视角分属于或相近或相异的分类模型中。对分层研究多元范式的基础性理论探讨,将为国内相关研究提供诸多借鉴与启示。

Class,status and occupation are the most competitive perspectives in stratification studies,and they together make up the foundation of social stratification system. From the view of internal relation,they are distinct,albeit related perspectives,each having its particular applicable scope and analytic logic.Theoretical hardcore of the three perspectives can be defined as follows： the economic groups of relational orientation,social circle defined by honor and reputation,and economic and cultural integration based on labor division. In terms of stratification typology,each perspective can be placed in different classification models according to different criteria（ relational and hierarchical,categorical and continuous,real and nominal）. Clarifying each perspective ＇ s theoretical boundary and stratification typology will provide experience and inspiration for domestic studies..