恩威并济:清代藏区司法的基本方略

Carrot-and-stick Approach: the Basic Judicial Strategy Carried out in Tibetan-inhibited Areas in the Qing Dynasty

清代在藏区的司法,一直以"恩威并济"为基本方略。在藏区司法权的运用过程中,"恩"与"威"并非等量实施,而是随着王朝在不同时期的政治、经济状况,呈现出起伏状态。清朝统治者以巩固王朝统治为原则,因时制宜,对藏区司法提出了不同要求,力求保持各民族间的势力平衡。从效果来看,由于统治者的认识偏差,以及专制王朝官僚政治的缺陷,藏区的民族问题和矛盾并未能够全面化解。

The carrot-and-stick approach was the basic judicial strategy carried out in Tibetan-inhibited areas in the Qing Dynasty. In the process of applying judicial power,justice and mercy were not equally implemented,but with different focuses due to political and economic situations in different periods. In order to consolidate their rules,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty made different requirements for judicature in Tibetaninhibited areas according to circumstances in order to keep a balance of power among different ethnic groups.Due to the cognitive bias of the rulers and the defects of the autocratic bureaucracy of the dynasty,ethnic problems and contradictions were not effectively resolved.